Local Communities Perspectives on CPEC: A Qualitative Analysis of Grievances and Implications of Militancy-Driven Security Measures

Abstract

This study explores resistance to the (CPEC) in Balochistan, in terms of local Grievances and security implications from militancy. The research shows that even though CPEC is part of China's Belt and Road Initiative, it has sparked opposition in Balochistan. The study uses a qualitative methodology, involving semi-structured interviews and thematic analysis to explore local perceptions and responses to CPEC projects. The study focused on residents of Balochistan who have information or awareness of CPEC projects. Purposive sampling was used to identify individuals who could share valuable insights. A sample of 12 interviews is deemed adequate for such a study because it is sufficient to reach data saturation The findings indicate that the resistance is linked with perceptions of economic marginalization, employment and decision-making. Participants expressed concerns over the uneven distribution of benefits. Cultural assimilation, demographic shifts and media negligence also increase feelings of unease. The study also reveals that militant elements played a significant role in compounding these concerns as they see CPEC as plunderative, thus leading to resistance. In addition, the increased militarisation of CPEC projects has created a mistrust factor where security forces are perceived as an imposition, exacerbating grievances. Ultimately, the research suggests opposition to CPEC in Balochistan is a multi-faceted problem that stems from a combination of socio-economic, political, cultural and militant factors.